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2jan10 AR
Directories are not really search engines, but mainly systematically arranged listings of links selected by humans instead
of a computer program. This ensures low recall and high relevance. ALso consider encyclopedias.
Introduction: Some of the favourites of this particular moment.
o - BUBL -- United Kingdom. The BUlletin Board for Libraries is an excellent organised listing of links, collected by cybrarians.
o - Open Directory
o - ipl2 -- ipl2 is the result of a merger of the Internet Public Library (IPL) and the Librarians' Internet Index (LII).
Introduction: A few directories more or less suited for general purpose.
o - Digital Librarian: a librarian's choice of the best of the Web
o - EiNET.net -- One of the oldest directories on the Net, EiNET lists 2.000.000 links in about 700.000 categories. Links are annotated.
o - Infomine -- ''Scholarly Internet resource collections''. InfoMINE is built by librarians and intended for scholars.
o - Internet Public Library -- Michigan, USA.
o - LookSmart
o - Pinakes -- "a subject launch pad". Heriot Watt University, UK. Listing of gateways portals to (mostly) scientific information. No longer
updated?
o - The WWW virtual Library -- Geneva, Switserland.
o - World Wide Web Virtual Library
o - Yahoo -- The first, but no longer maintained.
Introduction: The following are Dutch language only.
o - NL-Menu -- "Dé Nederlandse webgids sinds 1992". September 2006 bought by Vinden.nl from the Royal Library, this site is the oldest Dutch
language webdirectory (started in 1992) originally built by librarians and up to 2004 maintained by the Royal Library, then
by Public Libraries, until september 2006.
o - Start Nederland
o - Startpagina -- Dutch language systematic arrangement of all kinds of subjects and 'daughterpages'. Popular.
o - OAIster -- "find the pearls".
Introduction: For one reason or another, the below directories are on the decline. Use them only when the above dirs do not give the answer
being looked for.
o - Librarians Index to the Internet -- Merged with Internert Public Library to form IPL2.
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20mar10 AR
With Ask on the decline, Exalead's database seriously getting outdated, and Yahoo search technology provided by Microsoft,
it is pretty safe to say there are at the moment just three search engines that matter for the general public. Two of these
(Yahoo and Bing) will probably merge in the near future.
o - Bing -- Microsoft, launched June 2009. After the launch of Live as successor to MSN in 2006, and subsequent efforts to purchase Yahoo
which failed, the Bing Search Engine is Microsofts new attempt to compete with Google. Has nice features, look at the list of operators and the fieldnames.
o - Google -- The largest. Help file, Google Labs. Many, many extra databases and services.
o - Yahoo -- Competitor of Google, with its own database and lots of extras, some of them unique, such as the shortcuts and most notably,
SearchPad. It's search technology will be provided by Microsofts Bing in the near future.
Introduction: Some major search engines that because of functionality may be considered 'important', but for one reason or another have
not made it to the Top Choices.
o - Ask -- Ask was probably a promising search engine at some time. Unfortunately, a lot of features that made it special have either
abandoned or simply do not work any more: saving individual search results, broader/narrower terms, factual information when
searching on e.g. countries. the binoculars and link to Alexia are still there.
o - Direct Hit
o - Exalead -- Although its database seems a lot smaller and outdated, Exalead's search language has much more functionalities which enables
the searcher to create more complex searches: near, truncation, and search suggestions.
o - FASTSearch
o - WebBrain -- Visualization SE. Needs Java.
o - gigablast
o - Hakia -- In beta, semantic search engine with generally good results.
o - Search3 -- Searches Google, Yahoo and Live simultaneously. Does not integrate results, but presents results in three columns, one for
each search engine used.
o - Wolfram|Alpha -- Produced by Wolfram Research. Launched May 2009, aims to provide a single source for answers to factual queries, accepts free
form input and serves as a computational knowledge engine (not the traditional search engine) with an internal knowledge base
instead of searching the web.
o - Cuil -- "The worlds largest search engine", says to have more than 121 billion indexed pages. Launched 27 july 2008 by ex-Google topguns.
Primitive and lacking decent help pages with explanation of the search language. Turned very quickly from Google Killer to
Google Lunch. Very disappointing.
o - HotBot -- Once number one, now owned by Lycos, which in turn is owned by Yahoo. Uses results from Ask.
o - Infoseek -- Powered by Yahoo!
o - Northern Light
o - All the web -- Once quite a revolutionary search engine, now owned by Yahoo.
o - Alta Vista -- The only one who used the NEAR operator. Owned by Yahoo
o - Excite
o - Microsoft Live -- Succeeded by Bing.
o - Oingo -- Bought by Applied Semantics which in turn is bought by Google.
o - Teoma -- Sold to Ask Jeeves to form the search engine Ask.com
o - Wisenut -- Is offline for a long time now.
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The category of Serial Meta searchers is used to search more Single Search Engines in 'serial mode' without having to retype the query, in order to follow "Reusers
Law of 3".
o - QuerySter SearchX -- Site does not exist anymore. Serial metasearcher, uses about 10 SEs by printing a floating bar on top of the original SE search
screen. Works great, except for Google when the floating bar suddenly disappers.
o - Search3 -- Searches Google, Yahoo and Live simultaneously. Does not integrate results, but presents results in three columns, one for
each search engine used.
o - Sputtr -- When setting 'Open results in new window', Sputtr can be used as a alternative to SearchX.
o - TwinGine -- Kind of ''Twin'' search engine, searches two search engines (Yahoo, Google) simultaneously, presenting results for each engine
in its own window.
o - Zuula -- Serial metasearcher using 5 SSE's in tabs, but the tabs can be configured. Very handy: saves recent searches. Supports OR,
-, phrase, site:
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o - Clusty -- succesor of Vivisimo. CLustering engine with surprisingly few results but the clustering may be helpfull to find new terms
and keywords.
o - vivisimo
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A couple of search engines for scientific information only. Also consider the category Federated Search Engines.
o - Google scholar -- Scientific info, also and mainly a citation research tool.
o - Science.gov Alliance -- Deep Web Technologies. Gateway to about 50 million science information docs provided by US government agencies.
o - Scientific Commons -- Switserland. Access to free scientific information, has about 26 million citations.
o - Scirus -- for scientific information only. "...most comprehensive scientific research tool on the web. With over 450 million scientific
items indexed at last count, it allows researchers to search for not only journal content but also scientists' homepages,
courseware, pre-print server material, patents and institutional repository and website information."
o - Scitopia -- Deep Web Technologies. Federates search engine. Access to about 3.5 million documents, including patents and government data.
Auto clustering by topic, author, journal title, publisher, affiliation and date. Other frequency tables as well! Mostly beta
sciences.
o - WorldWideScience.org -- "The global science Gateway". "...global science gateway connecting you to national and international scientific databases
and portals. WorldWideScience.org accelerates scientific discovery and progress by providing one-stop searching of global
science sources. The WorldWideScience Alliance, a multilateral partnership, consists of participating member countries and
provides the governance structure for WorldWideScience.org".
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03nov09 ar
Internet tools are some clever instruments or techniques that can be used to assist (!) the searcher in validating informatin
found on the Net.
o - Soovle -- For six search engines, will return 'synonyms' for each, double clicking on one will take the searcher to that search engine
and return results.
o - Best Search Tools Chart
o - FAGAN finder
o - Google features
o - Google operators
o - pandia search central
o - Goshme -- For searching search engines. Registration required.
Introduction: These tools are specifically designed to check for the overlap between SEs, if there is any...
o - Missing pieces -- From DogPile meta search engine.
o - Thumbshots ranking -- Gives a ranking comparison between results from two search engines of your choice.
o - The Top 100 Alternative Search Engines -- By Charles Knight
o - Top 100+ Search Engines -- Melanie Colburn. Starts a discussion on what exactly a search engine is.
Introduction: Some sites that enable comparison of search engine rankings by presenting search results of multiple search engines on screen.
o -
o - Bing&Google -- Straightforward comparison of just Google and Bing, javascript framed (thus making reading difficult).
o - BlindSearch -- By Michael Kordahi. Presents search results in 3 column without the name of the search engine. The user 'votes' for one of
the resultslists to only then get a look of the search engine.
o - GrabAll -- Compare rankings of two search engines, but can choose from any of eight.
o - Scour -- Ranks Google, Yahoo and Live results in a single list, with ranking indicators for each search engine on the right hand side.
Interesting.
o - TripleMe -- Compares three searh engines (MSNLive, Google, Yahoo) in a single frame.
o - Twingine -- enter one search to get results in two separate windows: one for Google and one for Yahoo.
o - GMacker.com -- Support for using Google's search field ''daterange:'' which requires Julian date values. This util will calculate the correct
Julian date values for any daterange and execute the search.
Outdated, Google now offers user friendly date limiting.
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Some of the more usefull Dutch search engines, Dutch origine, mainly Dutch language, typically aimed at the Dutch market.
o - Ilse
o - Search.nl
o - Symbaloo Nederland Beta -- Personalised graphical desktop that can be rearranged by dragging, removing or adding blocks with types of search engines
to a square box.
o - Track.nl
o - Vindex.nl
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Also called hidden web, or dark web, which is all the same thing.
o - Complete Planet -- Bright Planet Corp. Listing of about 70.000 searchable databases and specialty search engines, not found by 'normal' search
engines.
o - IncyWincy -- 'The invisble web search engine'.
o - Invisible Web -- (ooo, is being refurbished).
o - Goshme -- To find search engines with exclusive content and features. Needs (free) registration, which can be slow.
o - Turbo 10 -- "Search the deep net".
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3apr09 AR
This type of SE searches multiple sources simultaneously in parallel in real time, contrary to meta search engines that search
multiple static indexes.
o - Biznar beta -- Deep Web Technologies. Aimed primarily at business sources. Basic and advanced search, alerts, many search tools (like clustering)
and frequency analyses tools. Sources may be preselected, results can be saved and mailed.
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2jul07 AR
Search engines to find files in the FTP domain.
o - FTP site list -- Monthly updated listing of anonymuos FTP sites. International.
o - FTPsearchengines.com -- Listing of FTP search engines, FTP-clients, file searchers and an introduction to FTP.
o - Filewatcher -- Searching on (parts of) filenames
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21jun08 AR
Here are some examples of visual output of search engines. Most of them are very interesting experiments, but not yet usefull
enough for serious searching.
o - Google enabled Visual Search -- Runs on windows only.
o - Grokker -- Nice, but no support for Linux. Two modes: outline view (clustering) and map view.
o - Kartoo
o - KwMap
o - Mooter
o - NewsMap -- Designed by Marumushi, uses a treemap to present Google news, where the more important news items are given more prominence
and headlines are clickable to load the news article itself.
o - TouchGraph
o - Webbrain 2.0
Introduction: Here are the tools that unfortunately do not function anymore.
o - Missing Pieces -- Developed by InfoSpace and hosted by Dogpile, showed the overlap between the by then big three search engines. Does not function
anymore.
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03dec09 AR
Binary search engines are typically used to find binary postings on UseNet regarding films, digital books, software, music
and the like. A binary search engine is a kind of catalogue, it will only indicate in which usenet group a certain posting
is to be found. Other software is needed to actually retrieve the items. Also, a payserver is needed that will offer the usenet
binary groups with reasonable retention.
o - BinIndex -- Binary search engine and newsgroup browser
o - Binsearch.net
o - NZBIndex
o - Newzleech -- hosted in the Ukraine.
o - YabSearch
o - Newzbin -- Fee based, for members only.
o - Binaries4all -- About binary newsgroups. Guides and step by step explanation on using binary newsgroups and on how to download files from
binary newsgroups. Also explains NZBs, archiving, extracting, software for downloading, posting to groups, FTD tutorials,
etc.
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Listing links to bookshops and sources for full text books.
o - Amazon
o - Amerigo
o - Barnes Noble
o - Bibliofind
o - Noord Nederlandsche Boekhandel
o - A9 -- Amazon's book search engine.
o - Google Books -- Mainly reviews, also lots of full text books.
o - Million Book Collection -- The Universal Digital Library.
o - Open Content Alliance -- "...is a collaborative effort of a group of cultural, technology, nonprofit, and governmental organizations from around the
world that helps build a permanent archive of multilingual digitized text and multimedia material. An archive of contributed
material is available on the Internet Archive website and through Yahoo! and other search engines and sites."
o - Open Library -- About 22m books of which about 1m with full text. With clustering and frequency table tools. Beta.
o - Project Gutenberg -- Access to 28000 free full text books online. About another 100.000 are availble at the project's partners and affiliates.
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27jul10 ar
Only the general encyclopedias will be listed here. There are however thousands more, typically specialised in some subject.
Please note that many general encyclopedia hardly have a online presence but are very important anyway, like Encyclopedia
Americana, La Grand Larousse, Deutsche Encyclopedia.
o - Encyclopedia Britannica -- Probably the worlds most famous scientific encyclopedia.
o - WikipediA -- Most popular one, but its reliability is doubtfull, although the enormous peer group suggest the contrary.
o - Encyclopedia.com -- Searches the Columbia Encyclopedia and some others, as well as dictionaries.
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22mar10 ar
A well prepared free text search strategy starts with finding the terminology. What terms best describe the concept at hand.
This category lists some tools that may coome in handy.
Introduction: Dictionaries can be very helpfull in preparation of a search. They should be used in accordance to the Semantic Table to create
proper keywords and paying attention to such things as synonyms, homonyms, spelling variations, translations, history, etc.
o - Dictionaries
o - IATE -- Interactive Terminology for Europe. Succesor to Eurodicotom. European Terminology database. Very usefull for bureaucratic
terminology in all languages of the EU.
o - MetaGlossary -- In Beta. For looking up definitions of terms. Results come predominantly from Wikipedia.
o - Roget's Internet Thesaurus
o - The Free Dictionary -- "...English, Medical, Legal, Financial, and Computer Dictionaries, Thesaurus, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, a Literature
Reference Library."
o - WWWebster Dictionary
o - YourDictionary.com
o - Acronyms Finder -- to look up all meanings of a certain abbreviation.
o - The free thesaurus -- Synonym finder. Extensive, not always relevant though. The popup screens with word explanations are handy.
Introduction: Some general purpose online translate tools.
o - Altavista Babelfish
o - Google Translate -- Many languages, not just translating text or words, but also translated search, i.e., searching Arab language websites using
English language terms.
o - Paralink
o - SysTran translations -- Same system as Babelfish.
o - MWB : Mijnwoordenboek -- In Dutch, translates to and from English, Dutch, French, German and Spanish. Annotated, multidisciplinary (also legal terms
+ explanatins, teschnical terms etc.). Gives excellent explanations of terminology depending on discipline or science.
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1may09 ar
For prospective searching, to find information that cites the information in the search argument, to find information that
is newer then what we have. Also consider the vertical citation indexes like CLAIMS and Derwernt Patents Citations Index (both
Dialog) for patent citations.
Also try the link: operator available in Exalead. Used to be available in Google and Yahoo but has since some time now been turned off.
o - CiteSeerX beta -- Succesor of CiteSeer. "Citations made by indexed documents". Searches about 767.000 docs. Emphasis on mathematics and computer
sciences.
o - Google Scholar -- Limited, simple, but useable.
o - Arts & Humanities Citation Index -- ISI Institute of Scientific Information. Dialog file 439.
o - ISI Web of Knowledge
o - Science Citation Index -- ISI Institute of Scientific Information. Dialog file 34, 434.
o - Scopus -- Elsevier B.V. Much larger then the ISI producsts.
o - Social Science Citation Index -- ISI Institute of Scientific Information. Dialog file 7.
o - Web of Science -- Thomson.
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27nov09 AT
o - Aircraft Charter World -- Commercial site, containing informatie about over 13.000 airports worldwide, their location, basic information and capacity.
o - World Aeronautical Database -- Database containing information on nearly 10,000 airports and over 11,000 navaids worldwide.
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2apr10 AR
Mainly focussing on government information on the Internet, including world leaders. Also consider country information
o - Ministerie van Defensie
o - NL Wetgeving
o - OpMaat -- Offical Dutchlanguage parliamentary database holding all offical papers from Dutch parliament: discussions, questions, motions,
etc. Fee-based. Use Parlando as an alternative.
o - Parlando -- Dutchlanguage parliamentary database holding all offical papers from Dutch parliament: discussions, questions, motions, etc.
o - Parlement
o - FEDWorld
o - GOA Government Accountability Office
o - LC Government Resources
o - USA statistics in Brief
o - USA.gov -- Successor to FedWorld.gov. Very large single entry site to USA government.
o - Yahoo US Government
o - Auswaertiges Ambt ('Foreign office')
o - Bundesministerium der Verteidigung
o - Bundestag
o - Bundeswehr
o - Bundeswehr im Einsatz
o - DIP - Dokumentations- und Informationssystem fur Parlamentarische Vorgange
o - Deutschen Marinen - Operation Eduring Freedom
o - Lideres por nombre -- Center for international Relations and Development Studies. Listing of about 530 biographies of world leaders, with pictures.
In Spanish.
o - Rulers -- "...contains lists of heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either
of those formal positions) of all countries and territories, going back to about 1700 in most cases. Also included are the
subdivisions of various countries [...], as well as a selection of international organizations. Recent foreign ministers of
all countries are listed separately.". Also religious leaders, international organizations, and biographies with pictures.
o - World Leaders -- Successor to Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments.
CIA, U.S. Lists the names and functions of cabinets and other important government members of all countries in the world.
Including representatives to the UN, ambassadors to the USA and the heads of central banks.
o - World political leaders 1945-2008 -- Roberto Ortiz de Zarate. International listings, all countries, of leaders from 1945 up. Lists former political parties, current
political parties, royalty, prime ministers with dates and political party, some ministers and chairmen of chambers, chairman
of parties.
o - Embassy World
o - Governments on the WWW -- LAst change 2002. Comprehensive database of governmental institutions on the World Wide Web: parliaments, ministries, offices,
law courts, embassies, city councils, public broadcasting corporations, central banks, multi-governmental institutions etc.
Includes also political parties. Online since June 1995. Contains more than 17000 entries from more than 220 countries and
territories as of June 2002
o - Political resources on the net
o - Worldwide Embassy Database
o - Foreign governments on the Web -- Not there anymore.
o - International documents
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o - D-Lib magazine -- Bimonthly, for techies, focus on digital library research and development, including but not limited to new technologies,
applications, and contextual social and economic issues. The magazine is currently published six times a year. Free, RSS service.
o - Information Today -- On news and long term trends in the information industry, monthly, fee-based. A few articles per issue are for free.
o - Logical Tips computing Ezine -- Susan Daffron. Tips for using commonly known hardware, software and services such as email.
o - Online : Exploring Technology & Resources for Information Professionals -- "...for information professionals and provides articles, product reviews, case studies, evaluation, and informed opinion about
selecting, using, and managing electronic information products, plus industry and professional information about online database
systems, CD-ROM, and the Internet". Fee based, some articles per issue are for free.
o - Search Engine Guide -- "The small business guide to search marketing". Free, RSS and subscription service.
o - Search Engine Showdown Blog -- Greg Notess. Infrequently updated, but very important.
o - Searcher : the Magazine for Database Professionals -- "...explores and deliberates on a comprehensive range of issues important to the professional database searcher. The magazine
is targeted to experienced, knowledgeable searchers and combines evaluations of data content with discussions of delivery
media. Searcher includes evaluated online news, searching tips and techniques, reviews of search aid software and database
documentation, revealing interviews with leaders and entrepreneurs of the industry, and trenchant editorials."
o - Tales from the Terminal Room -- Karen Blakeman. "...free newsletter for anyone who uses electronic media, and particularly the Internet, for locating information.
Content includes reviews and comparisons of information sources; updates on business information resources; dealing with technical
and access problems; and news of RBA’s training courses and publications". Free, subscription and RSS service.
o - Bibliotech -- In Dutch, aimed at the University library Utrecht.
o - Cops in cyberspace Blog -- "...over politie en opsporing en internet". By Rene Leijen, Dutch Police Academy. In Dutch, great collection of security related
news, security incidents, Internet crime and the like. Free subscription and RSS services.
o - Internet News -- "Articles and news about web searching and internet use, includes search tools, online news, email, current awareness tools,
and general use". RSS service.Free. Part of the Web Search Guide. Canadian.
o - John Battelle's Blog -- Free, with RSS and subscription service.
o - Karen Blakeman's Blog -- Slightly more up to date then the TFTTR.
o - Librarian of Fortune -- Mary Ellen Bates
o - Peter Scott's Library Blog
o - Phil Bradley's Blog
o - ResearchBuzz -- "News about search engines, databases, and other information collections". Free, subscription and RSS services.
o - The Official Google Blog -- Free, with RSS and subscription service.
o - Internet Resources Newsletter
o - Netsurfer Digest
o - ResourceShelf (Gary Price)
o - Scout Report
o - Track guide
o - About.com Websearch -- Wendy Boswell
o - CyberSkeptic's guide to Internet Research
o - Greg Notess
o - Phil Bradley's website -- On Internet search and web design.
o - Ran Hock
o - Search Engine Land -- Danny Sullivan. News about search and WWW, with a strong focus on business and SEO.
o - Search Engine Watch (Chris Sherman)
o - Security.nl -- In Dutch.
o - Voelspriet -- Henk van Ess. Dutch language, fee based.
o - Web Search Guide -- "...The Web Search Guide is about web searching, web strategies and tools from a Canadian perspective."
o - WebWereld -- In Dutch.
o - HeligeAntonius.nl -- Freek Zeegers. Weekly updated blog, on libraries.
o - Walter Vos BLog -- About communication. Hardly ever updated and hardly worth reading.
o - WoW! Wouter over het Web -- Wouter Gerritsma. Regularly updated.
o - ZB Digitaal -- Edwin Mijnsbergen
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Here is a modest attempt to give no more than 10 search tips that in general should help any searcher improve search results.
The term 'recall' is the total number of hits retrieved, the term 'relevance' is the number of hits considered relevant by
the searcher. Best tip of all: ask your local librarian!
1 --
Use more than one search engine
-- Use at least three single search engines to get a reasonable coverage of whats out there. Search engines typically only
cover a small part of the Net.
2 --
Use AND to increase relevance
-- Use an AND operator to significantly reduce recall and at the same time increase relevance. Be carefull how to write AND in different search engines. (Type a space in most search engines).
3 --
Use OR to include synonyms
-- Use the OR operator in the search and to significantly increase recall at the expense of relevance. (Type OR in capitals
in most search engines).
4 --
Use semantics
-- When looking for keywords to search with, use different spellings, abbreviations, translations, synonyms, plural, singular,
truncation (Exalead!) etc. Use professional terms when looking for 'professional' information, use popular terms vv.
5 --
Use NOT to exlude unwanted terms
-- Use the NOT operator to exclude unwanted terms from the results. (Type a dash "-" in most search engines.
6 --
Consider web directories
-- Consider using some of the larger web directories if you are unsure about search terms, want tips about experts, or
an introduction to a certain subject.
7 --
Consider meta search engines
-- Use meta search engines as a last resort if none of the major search engines do not produce the results you want.
8 --
Use field names to restrict your search
-- Use field names to significantly increase relevance and lower recall. Use intitle: to search for titlewords only, use site: to search in a particular domain, use filetype: to search for particular document formats.
9 --
Consider using Serial search engines
-- Use one of the Serial Search Engines to quickly search more than one single search engine in succession without having
to retype the query.
10 --
Use library catalogs
-- When searching for validated, high quality information with good coverage, use one or more online library catalogues.
Use a library loan system to have your librarian borrow the books for you.
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o - Internet Society (ISOC) -- Home of the IETF and others. ISOC is the organisation that controls it all.
o - IANA -- "The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has authority over all number spaces used in the Internet, including IP address
space. IANA allocates public Internet address space to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) according to their established
needs." IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry
o - ICANN -- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. "ICANN is responsible for the global coordination of the Internet's system
of unique identifiers. These include domain names (like .org, .museum and country codes like .UK), as well as the addresses
used in a variety of Internet protocols. ICANN was supposed to replace IANA.
Introduction: There are five RIR's worldwide, all serving the same purpose. Most RIR's have the same goal: "...provides Internet resource
allocations, registration services and co-ordination activities that support the operation of the Internet globally.". In
general, look for a link 'Database' for the WHOIS services. Search for Reports or Statistics to get the allocation tables.
o - APNIC -- Asia Pacific Network Information Centre. See the allocation listing.
o - ARIN -- American Registry for Internet Numbers. Covers Canada, Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States
o - AfriNIC -- Africa Network Information Centre. See resources list for distribution.
o - LACNIC
o - RIPE NCC -- Reseaux IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre. Serves Europe, the Middle East and parts of Asia, see the Service Region. See allocation table for allocations of addresses to countries. Operates the k.root-servers.net.
Introduction: The explanations by Karrenberg are excellent, aimed at the beginner, non-technician.
o - DNS Root Name Servers Explained For Non-Experts -- by Daniel Karrenberg, ISOC, 2007
o - DNS Root Name Servers Frequently Asked Questions -- by Daniel Karrenberg, ISOC, 2008
o - Full list of ccTLD and gTLD
o - Overview generic top level domains -- ICANN
o - The Internet Domain Name System Explained for Non-Experts -- by Daniel Karrenberg, ISOC, 2004
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Free and fee-based journals.
o - African Journals Online (AJOL) -- "...over 340 peer-reviewed journals from 25 African countries. These journals cover the full range of academic disciplines
with strong sections on health, education, agriculture, science and technology, the environment, and arts and culture.
o - Directory of Open Access Journals -- "...covers free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals". About 4100 journals and 270000 articles.
Good subject tree. Search articles or journals, on subject, title or author.
o - Dutch list
o - Electronic Journal Title Index
o - Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek -- "...ist ein kooperativer Service von 503 Bibliotheken mit dem Ziel, ihren Nutzern einen einfachen und komfortablen Zugang
zu elektronisch erscheinenden wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften zu bieten. Aufgenommen werden alle Zeitschriften, die Artikel
im Volltext anbieten."
o - HighWire Press -- Stanford University. 71 of the 200 most-frequently-cited journals publishing in science. [...] full-text life science articles
in the world, with 1,892,462 articles available without subscription. Also fee based articles. Good search possibilities,
alerts, Good for international relations.
o - John Labovitz list
o - LivRe! -- Brazil. Portal to free access journals on the Internet, about 3600 journals. Mainly beta sciences.
o - Newslink
o - Open J-Gate -- "...indexes articles from 4547 academic, research and industry journals.[...] 2580 of them are peer-reviewed scholarly journals.".
Links to 1m articles, growth about 300k per year
o - Magazines for Libraries -- LaGuardia, Cheryl, ed., with Bill and Linda Sternberg Katz. 17th ed. New York: Bowker, 2003.
"...An annotated listing by subject of over 6,000 periodicals. Each entry gives name of periodical, beginning publication
date, publisher, editor, address, price and such information as indexing, size, and level of audience. Short abstracts describe
the scope, political slant, and other aspects of the publication. Arrangement is topical, bringing magazines and journals
on like subjects together. To find an individual title, use the title index at the end of the volume."
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o - Ethnologue -- International. Describes for each country in the world the languages spoken.
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o - Eulex
o - Europol
o - Interpol
o - Drug Enforcement Agency DEA
o - Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI
o - Eulex
o - Law Library of Congress Serbia
o - OSCE Mission to Serbia : law enforcement
o - World Legal Information Institute -- Catalog and search facilities for over 500 databases from 55 countries including case-law, legislation, treaties, law reform
reports, law journals, and other materials
o - Police magazine
Introduction: Maps and listings of all kinds of crime occuring all over the world
o -
o -
o -
o - CopNET.org
o - CopSeek -- Police and Law Enforcement search engine and directory
o - Crime spider -- "...best crime and law enforcement sites and categorized topics. ... on criminalistics, forensic anthropology, FBI, unsolved
murders, homicide investigation techniques, child abuse, domestic violence, the death penalty, terrorism, criminal justice,
law and courts, behavioral profiling, gang violence, juvenile crime, missing persons, serial killers or mass murderers, criminals,
police, crime scene photos, ..."
o - Officer.com Directory of agencies -- links to law enforcement agency websites international, covering the USA and all other countries (see International Agencies).
o - Refdesk.com -- Facts encyclopedia Crime and law enforcement.
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o - Geografische boekhandel Jacob van Wijngaarden
o - Index Mundi -- Historical maps only, fairly limited in scope.
o - MapBlast!
o - MapQuest
o - Maps.com
o - Perry Castaneda library map colection
o - Roelf Od dens Maps
o - Travel Journals
o - WikiMapia -- Which is as suggested a combination between a Wiki and satellite imagery. With some moderator functionality and links to unblurred
maps.
o - World Map Collections -- "...are a cooperative project of several public and private universities of Florida and the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection to make digitized modern and antique maps available on the Web. The Florida and Caribbean collections are particularly
strong, but Africa, the Americas, and the Middle East are also represented."
o - Google maps
o - Live maps
o - ANWB routeplanner Europa -- Very good planner, covering Europe, with route and maps. The route has references to the map. The layout is easier to use
then the one of RouteNET.
o - RAC Route planner -- Covering Europe,
o - RouteNET -- Beautiful planner, with good maps and very detailed descriptions. Excellent. The route has references to the map. Covers Europe.
In Dutch.
o - ViaMichelin -- Covering Europe, with pictures of the signposts to follow.
o - the AA .com -- Covers the UK, Ireland and Europe, but you cant get from Europe to the UK or vv.
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Introduction: Individual www sites devoted to health and medicine.
o - Country health profiles -- For Africa
o - Landelijk Coordinatiecentrum Reizigersadvies LCR -- o.a. Landenlijst en nieuws met informatie over vaccinaties en antimalaria aanbevelingen
o - Mednar -- Deep Web Technologies. Federated, deep web search engine that returns results in real time from multiple sources. Also see
the description with Biznar.
o - ReliefWeb -- NGO aggregator. Must use. "...the world’s leading on-line gateway to information (documents and maps) on humanitarian emergencies
and disasters. An independent vehicle of information, designed specifically to assist the international humanitarian community
in effective delivery of emergency assistance, it provides timely, reliable and relevant information as events unfold, while
emphasizing the coverage of "forgotten emergencies" at the same time.
ReliefWeb was launched in October 1996 and is administered by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)."
o - Yahoo Travel Health and Medicine -- Yahoo directory
o - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
o - World Health Organization -- United Nations. "...responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting
norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and
assessing health trends."
o - National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI) -- Formerly 'Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center (AFMIC)', based in Fort Detrick (MD). Now only available via Intelink-U,
which is for .gov or .mil domains only. Others need an account.
o - Medline -- US National Library of medicine. Made up of Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature. Free. PubMed is basically Medline with
a little extra.
o - MedlinePlus
o - PubMed -- US National Library of medicine. The "free" and very usefull version of Medline. Free. The advanced version of the database offers most options.
o - EmBase -- Elsevier. Exerpta Medica. 18 million biomedical bibliographic records from 1974 to present, with 500.000 additions per annum.
Competitor to Medline.
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Clever use of a search engine enable finding music quickly and easy. Try intitle:"index of" /mp3 OR /wma songtitle to find lists of songs from your favourite composer.
Introduction: For downloading or streaming music.
o - Clickster -- is a MP3 search engine looking for music in websites.
o - LastSharp -- SoftTonic. Little tool that will download music in the background from www.last.fm. The latter one will stream music on genre
or category, LastSharp will then store the music. Alternative for LastSharp is No23 recorder.
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o - ABC
o - ANP
o - AP -- Through TBO.
o - Agence France Presse -- Most prestigious wire agency, but one.
o - Al-Jazeerah
o - BBC
o - CNN
o - NOS
o - RFE/RL
o - RNW International
o - Reuters -- Most prestigious wire agency in the world.
o - Reuters Today
o - Teletekst -- Dutch language.
o - XINHUA
o -
o - 1stHeadlines
o - AlertNet -- Reuters Foundation.
o - All the web
o - Alta Vista
o - EINNEWS.com -- "... organized within 300+ country, regional, U.S. state and specialized topic sections. [...] derived from monitoring over
35,000 news sources and news sections."
o - Google
o - IRIN
o - MSN/NBC
o - Moreover ooo
o - News now.co.uk -- Indexes thousands of news sites on the Internet. Focusses on news content, and updates live every few minutes. Also has sophisticated
filtering technology which uses a combination of keywords and meta data to filter links to articles into hundreds of newsfeed
topics.
o - NewsTrove
o - Newsday.com
o - Northern Light news
o - topix -- "...links news from 50,000 sources to 360,000 lively user-generated forums. Topix also works with the nation's major media
companies to grow and engage their online audiences through forums, classifieds, publishing platforms and RSS feeds."
o - yahoo news
o - Europe Media Monitor (EMM) -- News aggregator en clustering service, developed by the Joint Research Center. Offers a
EMM NewsBrief with all the news clustered by frequency, themes, and a timeline, and a
EMM NewsExplorer offering the news for all official languages, clustered, with refernce to countries and people. Use EMM MedISys for medical news analyses.
o - Silobreaker -- by Infosphere, SE. Now for free. Same idea as EMM, but better with sligthly more functionalities (like trends, network, profiles
etc).
o - Open Directory
o - TotalNEWS World News
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o - Financial Times
o - Frankfurter Allgemeine
o - Washington Post
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o - Christian Science Monitor
o - International Herald Tribune
o - Le Monde
o - New York Times
o - Pakistan Tribune
o - Suddeutsche Zeitung
o - The Times
o - Washington Times
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o - Algemeen Dagblad
o - NRC Handelsblad
o - Telegraaf
o - Volkskrant
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Introduction: use one of the following links to find all (?) newspapers. Favourites are Web Wombat and secondly IPL Online Newspapers.
o - ABYZ News Links -- Newspapers and newsmedia guide. International.
o - All the world's newspapers -- Web Wombat Pty, Australia. International in scope, covers thousands digital newspapers. Browsing by country, region. Coverage
looks good.
o - Kidon MEDIA link -- About 20.000 newspapers and other newssources. International, arranged by country.
o - MetagrId newspapers & magazines -- Covers about 8000 newspapers and online magazines arranged by country and category.
o - NewsCentral -- USA. Links to more than 3500 online newspapers. Arranged by region, with separate link to college newspapers. Very small coverage,
much less then Wombat and Newslink.. For Africa, only three countries are listed.
o - NewsLink.org -- Newspapers, magazines, radio/tv and resources
o - NewsWealth.com -- Newspaper directory for USA and international. Also tabloids, US magazines, US radio and live Internet TV channels.
o - Newslink newspapers -- International, arranged by region or state. Also by category. Coverage is less than Wombat, but reasonable.
o - Online newspapers -- Part of the Internet Public Library (IPL), lists titles per region and country. Pretty extensive, second to Wombat.
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Wrong name, but anyway. Here are some sites with 'interesting' documents, typically created by third parties, about a broad
area of interest (security, defence, terrorism) and typically of high interest, not to be easily found somewhere else..
o - Federation of American Scientist -- Since 1945. Currently, the Strategic Security Program holds the most interesting information.
o - GlobalSecurity.org -- On security information. Mostly information not to be found elsewhere easily, on military, intelligence, homeland security,
WMD etc.
o - WikiLeaks -- "...WikiLeaks is a multi-jurisdictional public service designed to protect whistleblowers, journalists and activists who have
sensitive materials to communicate to the public. Since July 2007, we have worked across the globe to obtain, publish and
defend such materials, and, also, to fight in the legal and political spheres for the broader principles on which our work
is based: the integrity of our common historical record and the rights of all peoples to create new history". Back online,
with a wealth of 'leaked' documents, such as the Afghan War Diary 2004-2010
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Most are commercial, providing images with watermarks for free.
o - EastView Cartographic -- Originally maps, now also satellite imagery.
o - GlobeXplorer -- Image site.
o - Google Earth -- Comes as a client, with two commercial variations.
o - MapMart
o - SIC -- Satellite Imagery Corporation.
o - SpaceImagery
o - TerraServer
o - WikiMapia -- Which is as suggested a combination between a Wiki and satellite imagery. With some moderator functionality and links to unblurred
maps.
o - Microsoft Live Maps -- the 'Arial' option lead to satellite imagey, the 'Birds Eye' option to impressive detail and overview. With some exta functionality:
pushpins, modest routeplanner.
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Very popular and many leave behind a lot of personal data. Great for law enforcenment puroposes. Below are some of the more
general networks. Also consider the special social networks devoted to sharing video (YouTube), music (Imeem) or photo's (flickr).
o - Facebook -- Most popular one, also a marketplace.
o - LinkedIn -- More or less serious network aimed at business men.
o - MySpace -- Combination of MySpace and LinkedIn.
o - Plaxo
o - Twitter -- With the search engine at search.twitter.com. Also try Twitter Trendsmap.
o - Hyves -- Mainly Dutch social network. In Dutch
Introduction: For checking your digital footprint some of the following may work.
o - 123people -- "...find comprehensive and centralised name related information consisting of images, videos, phone numbers, email addresses,
social networking and Wikipedia profiles plus much more. All of this rich media content is pulled from an extensive list of
international and regional relevant sources in over 11 countries in multiple languages."
o - Personas -- From the MIT. Slow, beautifull, and impressive, especially the analyses of unstructered data.
o - Pipl -- For finding people, searches the deep web as well, returns, Web search results, pictures, facts, Usenet posts, publications
and web sites.
o - WIEOWIE -- "The people search engine". Dutch language. Metasearch engine to search social networks such as Hyves, Twitter, LinkedIn,
Schoolbank, Facebook, MySpace, the main search engines, picture sites
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Most of these also publish full text reports on all kinds of subjects in the field of international relations. The 'R' links
to full text reports, the 'J' links to journals/newsletters.
o - International Crisis Group -- International, main office in Brussels, BL. Excellent reports, full text. Monthly Crisis Watch.
R
o - International Security Network -- Must read. Very good selection of reports and essays, a fact database (FIRST)
, links to other think tanks and lists of abbreviations / acronyms.
R
o - International Atomic Energy Agency --
R.
o - International Strategic Studies Association (ASSA) -- Washington DC. Publishes the Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook.
o - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
o - Center for Contemporary Conflict -- US Navy.
R, Strategic Insights.
o - Center for Defence and International Security Studies
o - Center for Defense Information
o - Center for Nonproliferation Studies --
Part of MIIS, Monterey CA, USA.
J,
P
o - Center for Peace and Security Studies
o - Center for Strategic and International Studies -- (US, Washington).
R,
J
o - Council on Foreign Relations
o - Council on Foreign Relations
o - Instituut Clingendael -- Based in The Hague, The Netherlands. In Dutch.
J,
R,
R.
o - International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) -- Excellent source of top quality reports. Based in London UK, published ao Military Balance, Strategic Survey, Survival, Armed
Conflict Database. Publications available through Taylor & Francis.
o - John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies
o - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
o - Amnesty International --
R,
o - Berliner Zentrum fur Internationale Friedenseinsatze
o - CATO Institute
o - Congressional Research Service
o - DEMOS
o - Energy Information Agency
o - European Union
o - GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit -- GTZ supports the German Government in achieving its development-policy objectives for political, economic, ecological and
social development in a globalised world.
o - Human Rights Watch
o - ICRC
o - IMF
o - IWPR
o - InterPol
o - Interkerkelijk Vredesberaad
o - NATO
o - National Intelligence Council
o - Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie
o - OHR
o - OSCE
o - Peace and Conflict
o - ReliefWeb
o - Silk Road Studies Program
o - The Brookings Institution
o - Transnational Institute -- TNI is an international network of activist-scholars committed to critical analyses of the global problems of today and tomorrow.
o - USAid
o - United Nations
o - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime -- UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. Important publication: World Drug Report.
R
o - United Nations UNHCR
o - WEU
o - Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (Harvard Univ.)
o - World Bank
o - World Trade Organisation
o - COOP
o - Ken Davies list
o - Marburg Universitaet
o - Yahoo listing
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